At our “Zymosis” dinner, an immersive experience at the dex.Silo.01 restaurant, we aim to explore the importance of fermentation in our culture, science, religion, and sustainability practices. Bread, a cornerstone of Greek diet and traditions, is certainly no exception.
The visual artist Georgia Kotretsos (representing THE ΤΕΛΟΣ SOCIETY *) traveled around Greece documenting the role of bread in our traditions and listening to stories from bakers in remote villages to modern Athens bakeries. She has been our guest to discuss the cultural significance of bread, exchange experiences, and bake together.
*The cultural research program ‘BREAD & CHARCOAL,’ 2023-2024, by THE TΕΛΟΣ SOCIETY (TTS), studies and combines the traditional way of making bread in Greece, bringing to light both traditional and artisan bakers who revive the art of baking with contemporary artists and professional from the world of culture. In 2023, the TTS program was implemented under the auspices and financial support of the Ministry of Culture and Sports, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO 2003). The visual artist and founder of THE ΤΕΛΟΣ SOCIETY examines the aesthetic value of bread as the archetypal sculpture on the Greek table. She argues that bread is a cultural foundation, and those who understand it are agents of culture.
Bread holds a significant place in Greek culture, serving as a vital element of daily life, a symbol of tradition, and a cornerstone of nutrition. From ancient times to the present day, bread has transcended its role as mere sustenance, embodying social, spiritual, and cultural significance.
Bread Is Culture
In Greece, bread is often regarded as a sacred food. It is central to many religious rituals and celebrations. The act of breaking bread is symbolic of community and sharing; during gatherings, meals, and religious festivities, bread often takes center stage. One notable example is the tradition of “artoclasia” / “breaking bread” where loaves of bread are blessed during church services, underscoring bread’s spiritual dimension.
Moreover, bread is deeply interwoven with the agricultural practices and local traditions of different regions. Each area boasts its unique bread-making techniques and recipes, often passed down through generations. For instance, in some islands, barley bread reflects the local ingredients and climatic conditions, while in mainland regions, wheat bread is more prevalent. This diversity showcases not only the adaptability of bread-making but also the deep-rooted connection between food and identity in Greek culture.
Bread is Tradition
Bread-making is often a communal activity in rural areas, where families and neighbors gather to bake together. This tradition fosters community bonds and preserves local customs. The preparation of special breads, such as “tsoureki” for Easter and “Christopsomo” for Christmas, highlights the role of bread in seasonal celebrations and familial gatherings. These practices reinforce the importance of bread as a symbol of hospitality and generosity.
Additionally, Greek mythology is rich with references to bread, with deities such as Demeter representing agriculture and fertility. Such mythological ties illustrate how deeply embedded bread is in the Greek psyche, emphasizing its significance not just as food but as a vital part of life and culture.
Bread is Nutrition
From a nutritional perspective, bread is a staple in the Greek diet, providing essential carbohydrates, fiber, and a range of vitamins and minerals. Traditionally, Greek bread is often made from whole grains, contributing to a healthier diet rich in fiber. The Mediterranean diet, of which bread is a fundamental component, has been recognized for its health benefits, including lower risks of chronic diseases.
Moreover, bread often accompanies a variety of dishes, enhancing meals and promoting a balanced diet. It serves as a vehicle for other food items—such as olive oil, cheese, and vegetables—encouraging the consumption of diverse, nutrient-rich ingredients.
Bread is far more than a simple dietary staple in Greek culture; it is a profound symbol of community, tradition, and nourishment. Its cultural and spiritual significance, coupled with its nutritional value, ensures that bread will remain an integral part of Greek life for generations to come. As Greece continues to evolve, the traditions surrounding bread will undoubtedly adapt, yet its foundational role in the cultural fabric of the nation will persist.
Baker: Dexamenes’s Head Chef Stavros Kousis